What Do You Know About the Kongo Kingdom

“Ngo” is a Kikongo name meaning “leopard,” which gave rise to the name of the Kongo Kingdom, also known as the Leopard Kingdom. In modern times, this became known as Congo. The leopard holds deep significance in the history and culture of the Congolese people, representing far more than just an emblem or national symbol.

The etymology of “Kongo” means “ally of the leopard,” derived from “ko-ngo.” This connection is tied to the myth of the leopard chief, considered the protector of the realm. In times of serious danger, people would seek refuge with the chief, saying “Tuele ku Ngo,” which translates to “We are going to the Leopard” in the Kikongo language. The phrase “ku Ngo” eventually evolved into Congo.

Since ancient times, the leopard has been regarded as a cunning animal, its beautiful and coveted skin considered sacred in Bantu tradition. The touch of the leopard’s skin adorns the heads of customary chiefs like a crown. This symbolism is deeply ingrained in the subconscious of the Bantu people.

In the Kasai region, major chiefs are referred to as “mukalenga wa nkashama,” meaning “mother leopard” or “leopard belly.” Within the Otetela family, the chief receives various badges associated with the sacred animal during his inauguration: two leopard skins, a leopard skin hat, a necklace made of leopard teeth, and a spear, all of which legitimize his authority.

The leopard skin hairstyle, symbolizing the panthera pardus (leopard), has always been a significant and solemn material symbol of traditional power in Bantu society, passed down from deceased ancestors.